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Elisei
Biology and clinical application of the NIS gene.Elisei R, Vivaldi A, Pacini F. Tumori. 2003 Sep-Oct;89(5):523-8. Review. [abstract only]
"The sodium iodide
symporter (NIS) is a plasma basolateral membrane protein that
actively transports iodide to the thyroid follicular cells as the
first step of thyroid hormone biosynthesis. NIS also mediates
active iodide transport in other human tissues including the
salivary glands, lactating mammary gland and gastric mucosa. NIS
expression has been recently reported also in several other human
tissues but its physiological role is still unclear. Cloning of
the NIS gene and the development of specific NIS antibodies have
allowed the characterization of the pathogenic role of NIS in
thyroid cancer, thyroid autoimmune diseases, congenital
hypothyroidism and other, non-thyroidal human diseases. The
possibility to increase its levels of expression or to reinduce
its expression in thyroid carcinomas that have lost the ability
to take up radioiodine is one of the most promising clinically
related fields of research. The recent discovery that more than
80% of human breast carcinomas endogenously express NIS protein
has opened a very interesting new area of research into the
possibility of using radioiodide in the diagnosis and treatment
of breast cancer. In an attempt to make tumor cells susceptible
to radioiodide destruction, several types of cancer cells have
been transfected with the NIS gene. This has demonstrated the
feasibility of the in vitro technique but also raised the problem
of the absence of the iodide organification machinery in
non-thyroidal cells, which, at the moment, represents the major
limit of this strategy." |
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