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Miyazaki, Suzuki
[Nutritional consideration for changes in dietary habit and health promotion practices in community health care; from the view point of selenium]Miyazaki Y, Koyama H, Hongo T, Sasada Y, Nojiri M, Suzuki S. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2001 Apr;48(4):243-57. Review. Japanese. [abstract only]
"The Japanese
recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for major and some minor
nutrients were revised in 1999, and included those for trace
elements such as selenium. The requirement of selenium in animals
was first recognized in 1957. It has been shown that cellular
glutathione peroxidase (GPx) contains selenium but it was
subsequently revealed that selenium has diverse biochemical
effects, rather than simply functioning in the enzyme. At least
twelve different selenoproteins have been identified. The role of
selenium has been known as antioxidant, and non-antioxidant
mediated through these enzymes. Now, selenium is well recognized
as a preventive factor for cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
Several dietary studies have shown that the selenium intake in
Japan is adequate. One study estimated daily selenium intake to
be 104.2 micrograms/day for adults. This value was 2 or 3 times
higher than the lower limit of the safe range of dietary selenium
(40 micrograms/day for men and 30 micrograms/day for women)
estimated by WHO, and also exceeded the newly established RDA of
55-60 micrograms/day for men and 45 micrograms/day for women by
the Japanese Public Health Council. However, the established RDA
for selenium is tentative because of a lack of information on the
1) chemical forms of selenium in food, 2) differences in
absorption rate and bio-availability in the chemical forms, and
3) interactions with other metals and trace elements. There are
two potential problems concerning selenium nutrition in Japan.
The first problem is that rice, which is the Japanese staple
food, contains less than 0.05 microgram/g selenium whereas U.S.
rice contains more than 0.3 microgram/g, probably due to
differences in soil chemistry. The second problem is that
although studies have shown that seafood, fish, shellfish and
oysters, contain high levels of selenium (0.4-0.5 microgram/g),
these being the main selenium source for Japanese, the
bio-availability in fish is low. Thus, it is likely that the
selenium status of those Japanese who eat an imbalanced diet is
not sufficient or is not optimal even if the intake exceeds the
RDA. Further studies are needed so that community health care
specialists have available appropriate knowledge on the role of
trace nutrients, including selenium, in human nutrition and
health, to promote proper nutritional practices in the community." |
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