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Selenium

• Allan
• Arthur
• Behne
• Berger
• Bianco
• Chang
• Cinaz
• Contempre, Dumont, Thilly
• Duntas, Koutras
• Foster
• Gartner
• Goepp
• Hansen
• Ip
• Kvicala
• Linus Pauling Institute
• Lyons
• Miyazaki, Suzuki
• Moreno-Reyes
• Patrick
• Raymond
• Reid
• Ruz
• Shamberger
• Spitzweg
• Thomson
• Turker
• Whanger
• Xu, Hou
• Zimmermann, Kohrle

Lyons

Exploiting micronutrient interaction to optimize biofortification programs: the case for inclusion of selenium and iodine in the HarvestPlus program.

Lyons GH, Stangoulis JC, Graham RD.

Nutr Rev. 2004 Jun;62(6 Pt 1):247-52. Review.

[abstract only]

"Biofortification of staple food crops with micronutrients by either breeding for higher uptake efficiency or fertilization can be an effective strategy to address widespread dietary deficiency in human populations. Selenium and iodine deficiencies affect a large proportion of the population in countries targeted for biofortification of staple crops with Zn, Fe, and vitamin A, and inclusion of Se and I would be likely to enhance the success of these programs. Interactions between Se and I in the thyroid gland are well established. Moreover, Se appears to have a normalizing effect on certain nutrients in the body. For example, it increases the concentration of Zn and Fe at key sites such as erythrocytes when these elements are deficient, and reduces potentially harmful high Fe concentration in the liver during infection. An important mechanism in Se/Zn interaction is selenoenzyme regulation of Zn delivery from metallothionein to Zn enzymes. More research is needed to determine whether sufficient genetic variability exists within staple crops to enable selection for Se and I uptake efficiency. In addition, bioavailability trials with animals and humans are needed, using varying dietary concentrations of Se, I, Zn, Fe, and vitamin A to elucidate important interactions in order to optimize delivery in biofortification programs."
 

Trends in selenium status of South Australians.

Lyons GH, Judson GJ, Stangoulis JC, Palmer LT, Jones JA, Graham RD.

Med J Aust. 2004 Apr 19;180(8):383-6.

"OBJECTIVE: To assess trends in selenium status in South Australians from 1977 to 2002. DESIGN: Six cross-sectional surveys. PARTICIPANTS: 117 participants in 1977, 30 in 1979, 96 and 103 (separate surveys) in 1987, 200 in 1988, and 288 volunteer blood donors in 2002. A total of 834 healthy Australian adults (mean age, 42 years [range, 17-71 years]; 445 were male). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasma and whole blood selenium concentrations. RESULTS: The 2002 survey yielded a mean plasma selenium concentration of 103 micro g/L (SE, 0.65), which reached the estimated nutritional adequacy level of 100 micro g/L plasma selenium. Mean whole blood selenium declined 20% from the 1977 and 1979 surveys (mean whole blood selenium concentration, 153 micro g/L) to the 1987, 1988 and 2002 surveys (mean whole blood selenium concentration, 122 micro g/L). Plasma selenium was higher in men (P = 0.01), and increased with age in both men and women (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: In healthy South Australian adults sampled from 1977 to 2002, whole blood and plasma selenium concentrations were above those reported for most other countries and in most previous Australian studies, notwithstanding an apparent decline in selenium status from the late 1970s to the late 1980s."

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