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Schone
Effect of rapeseed feedstuffs with different glucosinolate content and iodine administration on gestating and lactating sow.Schone F, Leiterer M, Jahreis G, Rudolph B. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A. 1997 Aug;44(6):325-39. [abstract only]
"In two experiments with a
total of 60 sows during late pregnancy and at 28 days of lactation,
diets containing rapeseed were compared with rapeseed free diets
(control). In Experiment 1 dietary content of solvent extracted
rapeseed meal was 250 g/kg (10 mmol glucosinolates/kg diet), in
Experiment 2 diets containing 100 g/kg rapeseed were tested (2 mmol
glucosinolates/kg diet). During late pregnancy all sows received 150
micrograms supplementary iodine/kg diet. In lactation, different
subgroups received different rates of iodine administration (Exp. 1:0,
100 or 1000 micrograms/kg diet; Exp. 2: 0, 150 or 300 micrograms/kg
diet). Rapeseed feeds had no significant effect on feed intake, body
weight of sows and rearing parameters in both experiments. There was a
tendency (8%) toward lower litter weight at weaning in Exp. 1. Sow
diets without supplementary iodine but containing glucosinolates (via
rapeseed meal, rapeseed) caused significant reduction in thyroxine
serum concentration of piglets, whereas this hormone did not change in
sow serum. Thiocyanate was significantly increased in the serum of
mothers. The minor increase of thiocyanate concentration of milk and
piglets' serum points to negligible transfer of rapeseed glucosinolate
degradation products to offspring. However, the milk iodine
concentration was significantly decreased due to glucosinolates, and
this seems to be the reason for impaired iodine and thyroid hormone
status of piglets from sows given rapeseed feeds."
[Effect of feeding rapeseed oil to dairy cows on the fatty acid composition of butterfat]Jahreis G, Steinhart H, Pfalzgraf A, Flachowsky G, Schone F. Z Ernahrungswiss. 1996 Jun;35(2):185-90. German. [abstract only]
"Butter is rich in lauric,
myristic, and palmitic acids which are assumed to be
hypercholesterolemic. The replacement of usual dietary fat by rapeseed
oil induces a serum cholesterol decrease. The objective of the study
consisted in measuring the influence of feeding different amounts of
full-fat rapeseed or oil-rich rapeseed cake to dairy cows to improve
the fatty acid composition of milk fat. The results demonstrate a
significant increase of iodine number and spreadability of butter. The
percentage of lauric+myristic+palmitic acid (LMP) decreased by about
18% of whole fatty acids. Stearic and oleic acid increased
significantly but the percentage of trans octadecenoic acid increased
too. It can be concluded that the special butter has a nutritionally
improved fat characterized by an increase of cholesterol-lowering
fatty acids (C18 and C18:1) and a decline of cholesterol-elevating
fatty acids (LMP)."
[The effect of thioglycoside-containing feed on the growth, thyroid hormone and thiocyanate status of swine and poultry]Schone F, Paetzelt H, Lange R, Jahreis G, Ludke H. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1994 Dec;107(12):418-21. German. [abstract only]
"Feed containing rapeseed
meal (RSM) with high glucosinolate content (10 mmol/kg feed) induced a
strong increase of thyroid weight in pigs and poultry. Supplementary
iodine reduced the antithyroid effect, but, it could not cancel it.
Only at a low glucosinolate content (0.7 mmol/kg feed) a normal weight
of thyroid was established. As the iodine supplementation increased
the serum T4 value increased. The thiocyanate serum level increased
irrespective of glucosinolate content of the feed. The urine level was
significantly decreased due to lower dietary glucosinolate level.
Obviously, the goitrogenic effect of the RSM does not correlate with
the increased thiocyanate serum level."
Effect of varying glucosinolate and iodine intake via rapeseed meal diets on serum thyroid hormone level and total iodine in the thyroid in growing pigs.Schone F, Jahreis G, Lange R, Seffner W, Groppel B, Hennig A, Ludke H. Endocrinol Exp. 1990 Dec;24(4):415-27. [abstract only]
"In a trial with 50
fattening pigs (20 kg initial body weight), the effect of
untreated rapeseed meal (RSM) (148 mmol glucosinolates and
aglucones per kg dry matter) on the thyroid was compared with RSM
treated with Cu2+ (9.5 mmol glucosinolates and aglucones per kg
dry matter) and soybean meal (SBM). The diets containing 8% RSM
were supplemented with 0.0625-1.0 and the SBM diet (control) with
0.125 mg iodine kg-1 (I). In comparison with SBM fed control, RSM
treatment with Cu2+ resulted in a complete normalization of feed
intake and growth. Only untreated RSM without I supplementation
depressed performance and resulted in symptoms of I deficiency,
but the thyroid and liver weight were also increased and the
serum T4 content was significantly reduced in animals which were
given RSM not supplemented with I, but treated with Cu2+. In
young pigs (4 weeks) a plateau of the serum T4 content was
achieved from 0.5 mg I kg-1 of the RSM diet onwards. In contrast,
when the concentration of goitrogens was reduced by the treatment
with Cu2+, the serum T4 level was increased significantly in
groups fed with 0.125 mg I kg-1 diet and more. In older pigs (15
weeks) neither the content of goitrogens nor the I dosage
affected the serum T4 level. On the other hand, the I content in
the thyroid was a good indicator of the different goitrogenicity
of the diet in the case of a low I supply. The present
investigations show that pig diets with RSM (greater than 10 mmol
glucosinolates and aglucones kg-1) should contain at least 0.5 mg
I kg-1, but 0.1 mg supplementary I per kg is sufficient in diets
without or with a low content (less than 1 mmol glucosinolates
and aglucones per kg-1) of antithyroid compounds." |
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