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VENTURI
Iodine and EvolutionVenturi S Published in Italian on-line: February 8, 2004,
The link is to the English summary, as well as the Italian article complete with pictures and diagrams.
“The authors report their hypothesis on the antioxidant role of iodine in the evolution of life on the earth. Iodine is the most electron rich of the essential elements in the animal diet, and as iodide (I-) enters in the cells by an iodide transporter. Iodide, which acts as primitive electron donor by peroxidase enzymes, seems to have an ancestral antioxidant function in all iodide-concentrating cells from primitive marine algae to more recent terrestrial vertebrates. Thyroxine and iodothyronines seem also to have an antioxidant activity, by deiodinase enzymes, which are donors of iodides and indirectly of electrons. Thyroid cells phylogenetically derived from primitive gastroenteric cells, which during evolution, migrated and specialized in uptake and storage iodine-compounds in the new follicle, as reservoir of iodine, for a better adaptation of modern vertebrates to iodine deficient terrestrial environment.”
Environmental iodine deficiency: A challenge to the evolution of terrestrial life?Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M.
“In conclusion, we believe that environmental iodine deficiency might be an important evolutionary factor of terrestrial life of vertebrates. Furthermore, we should point out that the extrathyroidal action of iodide might be an important new area for investigation.”
Iodio ed EvoluzioneVenturi S, Venturi M “Guida alla Epidemiologia e Prevenzione del Gozzo Endemico”
In Italian. Good pictures and diagrams. If anyone has an English translation, we would love to have it.
Iodine, Helicobacter Pylori, Stomach Cancer & EvolutionVenturi S, Grossi L, Marra GA, Venturi A, Venturi M The Newsletter of the International Center for Studies and Research in Biomedicine, Luxembourg, Vol. 7, No. 2, April 2003, pp 1-7.
“The authors have hypothesized that dietary iodine (I) deficiency or excess are associated with the development of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer (GC). They report a short review of their own work and general literature on this correlation in three fields: (1) epidemiology, where geographical and temporal correlations between territories with I-deficiency, endemic goitre and high GC-death rate are reported; (2) iodine and atrophic gastritis correlations, and (3) immunology, where the correlations between I-deficiency, immune-deficiency and GC are reported. Thyroid cells phylogenetically and embryologically, derived from primitive I-concentrating gastric cells which, during evolution, migrated and specialized in uptake and storage of iodine, in order to adapt the organisms from I-rich sea to I-deficient land. Stomach and thyroid share an important iodide-concentrating ability and an efficient peroxidase activity, which transfers electrons from iodides to the oxygen of hydrogen peroxide and so protects the cells from peroxidations. Iodide seems to have an ancestral antioxidant function in all iodide-concentrating organisms from primitive algae to more recent vertebrates. In Italy, GC is more frequent in farmers and in I-deficient populations, living in mountainous and hilly areas, than in fishermen. In the last two decades, Italian decrease of GC seems to be correlated more with the higher dietary consumption of I-rich fish rather than with consumption of fruit and vegetables, which indeed has decreased in Italy. In conclusion, iodine deficiency or excess seem to constitute an important risk factors for atrophic gastritis and GC, both by antioxidant activity and regulating gastric trophism and by antagonizing the actions of both Helicobacter pylori and of I-inhibitors, such as nitrates, thiocyanate and salt, well-known risk factors for GC.”
Is there a role for iodine in breast diseases?Venturi S.,
2001.
“It is hypothesized that dietary iodine deficiency is associated with the development of mammary pathology and cancer. A review of the literature on this correlation and of the author's own work on the antioxidant function of iodide in iodide-concentrating extrathyroidal cells is reported. Mammary gland is embryogenetically derived from primitive iodide-concentrating ectoderm, and alveolar and ductular cells of the breast specialize in uptake and secretion of iodine in milk in order to supply offspring with this important trace-element. Breast and thyroid share an important iodide-concentrating ability and an efficient peroxidase activity, which transfers electrons from iodide to the oxygen of hydrogen peroxide, forming iodoproteins and iodolipids, and so protects the cells from peroxidative damage. The mammary gland has only a temporary ability to concentrate iodides, almost exclusively during pregnancy and lactation, which are considered protective conditions against breast cancer.”
Role of iodine in evolution and carcinogenesis of thyroid, breast and stomach.Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M, Grossi L, Guidi A. Adv Clin Path. 2000 Jan;4(1):11-7. Review.
“The authors have hypothesized that dietary iodine (deficiency or excess) is associated with the development of some gastric and mammary cancers, as it is well-known for thyroid cancer. They report a short review of their own work and of the general literature on this correlation and on the antioxidant function of iodide in stomach, breast and thyroid. Thyroid cells phylogenetically derived from primitive iodide-concentrating gastroenteric cells which, during evolution, migrated and specialized in uptake and storage of iodine, also in order to adapt the organisms from iodine-rich sea to iodine-deficient land. Mammary cells also derived from primitive iodide-concentrating ectoderm. Stomach, breast and thyroid share an important iodide-concentrating ability and an efficient peroxidase activity, which transfers electrons from iodides to the oxygen of hydrogen peroxide and so protects the cells from damage caused by lipid peroxidation. The authors suggest that iodide might have an ancestral antioxidant function in all iodide-concentrating cells from primitive Algae to more recent Vertebrates. In Italy, gastric cancer is more frequent in farmers and in iodine-deficient populations, living in mountainous and hilly areas, than in fishermen. In the last two decades, Italian decrease of gastric cancer seems to be correlated more to the higher dietary consumption of iodine-rich fish rather than to consumption of fruit and vegetables, which indeed has decreased in Italy.”
More articles by Venturi
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