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Iodine as an Anti-Infective Agent

From United States Patent 6,939,569, September 2005

 

"Iodine exists in several oxidation states including its fully reduced iodide (I-) state, its diatomic elemental state (I2) (hereafter "elemental iodine"), and in several higher oxidation states in combination with oxygen (e.g., hypoiodate (IO-), iodate (IO3-) and periodate (IO4-)). In aqueous solutions iodide forms an equilibrium complex with elemental iodine, yielding soluble tri-iodide (I3-) which exhibits neither significant microbicidal nor virucidal activity. On the other hand, trace quantities (e.g., a few ppm) of elemental iodine are sufficient to cross the lipid bilayer of cells, and sufficient to kill micro-organisms through oxidative reactions within their lipid bilayer. Extensive studies have also shown that microorganisms are incapable of developing resistance against elemental iodine because of its ability to oxidize and intercalate into multiple sites within microbes."

 
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