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SYMBOLLON

Properties of an enzyme-based low-level iodine disinfectant.

Duan Y, Dinehart K, Hickey J, Panicucci R, Kessler J, Gottardi W.

J Hosp Infect. 1999 Nov;43(3):219-29.

“An enzyme-based iodine (EBI) disinfectant that continuously generates free molecular iodine in a controlled fashion was developed and evaluated for use in disinfecting flexible fibreoptic endoscopes (FFEs). EBI is a powder concentrate that produces iodine from sodium iodide and calcium peroxide when catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. After dissolution in water, it delivers relatively high concentrations of free molecular iodine (> 15 ppm) at relatively low concentrations of total iodine (30-40 ppm). It demonstrates the ability to function as an effective low level iodine disinfectant by rapidly inactivating bacteria, fungi and viruses. A unique feature of the EBI system is the ability to reoxidize reduced iodine which results in a constant level of active (free molecular) iodine during use. EBI inactivates Mycobacterium bovis var BCG more rapidly than 2% glutaraldehyde (Cidex-7). Its sporicidal activity, however, was found to be slower than the aldehyde formulation. The qualification of EBI for use as a practical disinfectant was shown by its negligible toxicity in dermal, ocular, oral and inhalation studies on animals, which is attributed to the low level of total iodine in the solution.”

Control of the amount of free molecular iodine in iodine germicides.

Hickey J, Panicucci R, Duan Y, Dinehart K, Murphy J, Kessler J, Gottardi W.

J Pharm Pharmacol. 1997 Dec;49(12):1195-9.

“Horseradish peroxidase has been used to generate iodine compositions that comprised principally free molecular iodine. The concentration of free molecular iodine in these enzyme-based compositions ranged from 44 to 63% of the thiosulphate titratable iodine; this is substantially higher than the corresponding value for the povidone-iodine preparation betadine. The biocidal efficacy of these compositions was proportional to the concentration of free molecular iodine. Iodine compositions with relatively low total iodine concentrations but high levels of free molecular iodine (20-175 ppm) killed Staphylococcus aureus and spores of Bacillus subtilis more rapidly than betadine. The effects of normal saline and these enzyme-based iodine compositions on the rate of epidermal regeneration in superficial swine wounds were comparable. These results suggest that an effective germicide containing a high level of molecular iodine need not be irritating or toxic.”

Antimicrobial Applications

Symbollon

“Symbollon is has developed a topical formulation of molecular iodine, we refer to as IoDerm, and is preparing to submit an IND to the FDA based upon this composition. IoDerm is a topical gel formulation that provides molecular iodine upon admixture. IoDerm is the first of a new class of iodine-based topical formulations that will not stain skin but provides over 100 times more biocidal iodine than traditional iodophors....An essential rationale for the use of molecular iodine to treat skin diseases is the observation that molecular iodine readily penetrates into skin and remains biocidal while it diffuses therein....Use of Molecular Iodine in the Oral Cavity. Symbollon is has developed a liquid formulation of molecular iodine in a mouthrinse matrix and is planning to submit an IND to the FDA based upon this composition."

Symbollon Patents

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