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Gottardi

Iodine and Iodine Compounds

Gottardi W

Chapter 8 in Block, SS. Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation, 4th edition.  Lea & Febiger, 1991, pp 152-165.

"Compared with chlorine and bromine, the system I2-H2O is much more complex.  One of the reasons is the disproportionation of the hypohalous acid (see Equation 4 following), which in the case of HOI, occurs at room temperature with appreciable speed, whereas in the case of HOCl and HOBr, elevated temperatures are necessary.  Another reason is the high affinity of molecular iodide to iodide, resulting in the formation constant of the triiodide ion (see Equation 5 following) being considerably higher than those of Cl3- and Br3-.... In aqueous solutions, therefore, the formation of the triiodide ion (and to a small extent also of the pentaiodide ion, I3- + I2 <==> I3-) is an important reaction that greatly affects the chemical behavior of this halogen.  Finally, in iodine solutions the cationic species H2OI+ is present, whereas the corresponding chlorine and bromine cations are not able to exist."

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