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Abraham
The History of Iodine in Medicine Part I: From Discovery to Essentiality.Abraham GE The Original Internist, 13: 29-36, Spring 2006
"Over the last four years, a series of publications by the author and collaborators have appeared in The Original Internist, rediscovering iodine as the universal medicine, a status iodine held for over 100 years before World War II. This first installment of this series deals with the history of iodine from discovery to essentiality, covering a period of 100 years. The discovery of the stable halides — chloride, iodide, bromide, and fluoride — seems to have been a French enterprise. All four halides were identified by French scientists, (Table 1) with H. Davy from Great Britain, sharing the discovery of chloride with Gay-Lussac in 1809-1810."
The History of Iodine in Medicine Part II: The Search for and the Discovery of Thyroid HormonesAbraham GE The Original Internist, 13: 67-70, June 2006
"In 1874, Sir William W. Gull, MD, published his observations in five women suffering from hypothyroidism, which he called myxedema associated with a “cretinoid state.” Hypothyroidism was for a short time afterward called Gull’s disease. This condition of unknown etiology was considered incurable then. Excerpts from the detailed description of one patient with myxedema and cretinoid state by Gull follow."
The History of Iodine in Medicine Part III: Thyroid Fixation and Medical Iodophobia.Abraham GE The Original Internist, 13: 71-78, June 2006
"The thyroid gland-iodine connection was known just a few years following the discovery of iodine in seaweed in 1811. Only eight years after this discovery, iodine was used effectively in the treatment of simple goiter. However, the medical uses of iodine during the first century since the discovery of iodine were not restricted to diseases of the thyroid gland only but covered a wide range of clinical conditions. "In the early 1920s, Marine reported a positive effect from iodide supplementation at 9 mg/day in the prevention of simple goiter among adolescent girls. That amount of iodine was based on research performed on farm and laboratory animals regarding the effect of iodine on thyroid function and also overall performance. However, in Marine’s studies on adolescent girls, the only parameter assessed was the presence of goiter. Following Marine’s studies, iodine sufficiency became associated with the absence of goiter, not overall performance such as grades in classes, number of absences due to sickness, etc."
The historical background of the iodine project.Abraham GE The Original Internist, 12(2):57-66, 2005
"The goal of this manuscript is to have, under the same cover, an update on the Iodine Project which started five years ago; an exposé of the Wolff-Chaikoff forgery; and contributions from two clinicians with a combined experience with 4,000 patients using Lugol tablets within the range recommended by pre-World War II physicians. This range of daily intake of iodine is called orthoiodosupplementation because it is the amount of iodine required for whole body sufficiency based on an iodine/iodide loading test recently developed by the author.
"During the first half of the 20th century, almost every U.S. physician used Lugol solution for iodine supplementation in his/her practice for both hypo- and hyperthyroidism, and for many other medical conditions. In the old pharmacopeias, Lugol solution was called Liquor Iodi Compositus. The minimum dose called minim, was one drop containing 6.25 mg of elemental iodine, with 40% iodine and 60% iodide as the potassium salt. The recommended daily intake for iodine supplementation was 2 to 6 minims (drops) containing 12.5 to 37.5 mg elemental iodine.
"During the second half of the 20th century, iodophobic misinformation disseminated progressively and deceitfully among the medical profession resulted in a decreased use of Lugol, with iodized salt becoming the standard for iodine supplementation."
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