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Thyroid Physiology

Thyroid Disease

Cancer

Thyroid Cancer

• Abraham

• Carrasco

• Chow

• Feldt-Rasmussen

• Filetti, Arturi

• Franceschi

• Gartner

• Jeong, Kim

• Kogai

• Kristensen

• Maier, Krohn, Paschke

• Mastorakos

• Mutaku, Many

• Neumann, Paschke

• Park

• Ringel

• Schlumberger

• Skubis-Zegadlo

• Smit

• Son

• Spitzweg

• Venkataraman

• Verkooijen

• West

• Xing, Sidransky

• Zaichick

Carrasco

Thyroidal iodide transport and thyroid cancer.

Dohan O, Carrasco N.

Cancer Treat Res. 2004;122:221-36. Review.

[citation only]

Immunohistochemical profile of the sodium/iodide symporter in thyroid, breast, and other carcinomas using high density tissue microarrays and conventional sections.

Wapnir IL, van de Rijn M, Nowels K, Amenta PS, Walton K, Montgomery K, Greco RS, Dohan O, Carrasco N.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Apr;88(4):1880-8.

"Extrathyroidal cancers could potentially be targeted with (131)I, if the Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS) were functional. Using immunohistochemical methods we probed 1278 human samples with anti-NIS antibody, including 253 thyroid and 169 breast conventional whole tissue sections (CWTS). Four high density tissue microarrays containing a wide variety of breast lesions, normal tissues, and carcinoma cores were tested. The results of the normal microarray were corroborated in 50 CWTS. Nineteen of 34 normal tissues, including bladder, colon, endometrium, kidney, prostate, and pancreas, expressed NIS. Nineteen of 25 carcinomas demonstrated NIS immunopositivity; 55.7% of 479 carcinoma microarray cores expressed NIS, including prostate (74%), ovary (73%), lung (65%), colon (62.6%), and endometrium (56%). NIS protein was present in 75% benign thyroid lesions, 73% thyroid cancers, 30% normal-appearing, peritumoral breasts, 88% ductal carcinomas in situ, and 76% invasive breast carcinoma CWTS. Comparatively, breast microarray cores had lower immunoreactivity. Plasma membrane immunopositivity was confirmed in thyrocytes, salivary ductal, gastric mucosa, and lactating mammary cells. In other tissues, immunoreactivity was predominantly intracellular, particularly in malignant lesions. Thus, NIS is present in many normal epithelial tissues and is predominantly expressed intracellularly in many carcinomas. Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms that render NIS functional in extrathyroidal carcinomas may make (131)I therapy feasible."

Rapid communication: predominant intracellular overexpression of the Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS) in a large sampling of thyroid cancer cases.

Dohan O, Baloch Z, Banrevi Z, Livolsi V, Carrasco N.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Jun;86(6):2697-700.

"Here we report the analysis of the Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS) protein expression in 57 thyroid cancer samples by immunohistochemistry with high-affinity anti-NIS Abs. As many as 70% of these samples exhibited increased NIS expression with respect to the normal surrounding thyroid tissue. Most significantly, NIS was located in these samples either in both the plasma membrane and intracellular compartments simultaneously, or exclusively in intracellular compartments. This suggests that NIS is clearly expressed or even overexpressed in most thyroid cancer cells, but malignant transformation in some of these cells interferes either with the proper targeting of NIS to the plasma membrane, or with the mechanisms that retain NIS in the plasma membrane after it has been targeted. The results further indicate that, in addition to indicating NIS expression in cases where it is absent (approximately 30%), improvements in (131)I radioablation therapy might result from promoting targeting of NIS to the plasma membrane in the majority (approximately 70%) of thyroid cancers."

More articles by Carrasco

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