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Thyroid Physiology  

Thyroid Disease

Hyperthyroidism

• Abraham

• Azizi

• Galletti

• Noh, Ito

• Pedersen, Laurberg

• Ross

• Roti, Braverman

• Wartofsky

• Wolff

• Yang, Li

Azizi

Reappraisal of the risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism: an epidemiological population survey.

Azizi F, Hedayati M, Rahmani M, Sheikholeslam R, Allahverdian S, Salarkia N.

J Endocrinol Invest. 2005 Jan;28(1):23-9.

[abstract only]

"The occurrence of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism (IIH) has been reported after iodine supplementation from clinics and hospitals, but not following an epidemiologic survey. We studied the prevalence of thyroid derangement in a population following iodine supplementation. One yr after more than 75% of the population had been consuming 40 ppm iodized salt; information regarding history of endemic goiter and iodized salt production, distribution, consumption and monitoring were collected in four cities of the Islamic Republic of Iran. A total of 6048 subjects were randomly selected. All subjects were assessed for size of goiter, and urinary iodine and serum T4, T3, TSH, anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroperoxide were measured. Before iodine supplementation, all four cities were areas of endemic goiter. The rate of household consumption of iodized salt was 50, 75 and 90% in 1994, 1995 and 1996, respectively. Ninety-one percent of the salt samples contained 15-55 ppm iodide. Total goiter rate was 57, 62 and 68%; median urinary iodine was 188, 197 and 190 microg/l in the age groups of 6-18, 19-40 and >40 yr, respectively. Prevalence of clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism was 0.34 and 0.41 and those of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism were 0.51 and 1.07%, respectively. Nine point eight and 18% in the 19-40 yr age group and 17.6 and 25.6% in >40 yr old subjects had positive anti-thyroperoxidase and anti-thyroglobulin, respectively. This systemic epidemiologic study in an iodine deficient population showed that, following a well-executed iodine supplementation program, the occurrence of IIH is rare."

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