Thyroid Hormone Synthesis - Diagram

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Thyroid Physiology Thyroid Hormones NIS Symporter Thyroid Hormone Synthesis Thyroid Regulation Iodine Deficiency Iodine Excess Thyroid Iodine Thyroid Disease Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Goiter Nodules Thyroid Cancer Autoimmune Issues Various Issues	THYROID HORMONE SYNTHESIS FIG. 1. Schematic representation of thyroid hormones synthesis in the thyroid follicular cell. Thyroid follicles are comprised of a layer of epithelial (covering or surface) cells surrounding the colloid (the gelatinous center of the thyroid cell, consisting mainly of thyroglobulin). The basolateral (near the blood vessel) surface of the cell is shown on the left side of the figure and the apical surface (next to the colloid) on the right. Symbols: Circle = Active accumulation of I-, mediated by the NIS; Triangle = Na+/K+ ATPase; square, TSH receptor; Diamond = adenylate cyclase; ellipse, G protein; Cylinder = I- efflux toward the colloid; Arrows pointing from the apical to the basolateral side = endocytosis of iodinated Tg, followed by phagolysosomal hydrolysis of endocytosed iodinated Tg and secretion of both thyroid hormones. Abbreviations: AIT = Apical I- Transporter Cl- = Chloride I- = Iodide K = Potassium Na+ = Sodium NIS = Sodium-Iodide Transporter Pendrin = Iodide transporter on apical membrane Tg = Thyroglobulin TPO = Thyroid Peroxidase, TPO-catalyzed organification of I- TSH-R = Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - Receptor Adapted from: The Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS): Characterization, Regulation, and Medical Significance. By ORSOLYA DOHA´ N, ANTONIO DE LA VIEJA, VIKTORIYA PARODER, CLAUDIA RIEDEL, MONA ARTANI, MIA REED, CHRISTOPHER S. GINTER, AND NANCY CARRASCO (2003)
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