|
|
The Iodine Group | |
|
Home | Orthoiodosupplementation | Body | Disease | Special | Overviews |
||
|
|
THYROID HORMONE SYNTHESIS
Once the iodide is in the cell, it must be transformed into thyroid hormones and stored until it is needed.
To create the hormones, the iodide must be attached to the tyrosine molecule. In other words, the tyrosine must be "iodinated". The iodination requires four separate components in close proximity: iodide, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thyroid peroxidase (TPO, an enzyme) and thyroglobulin (Tg)
First, the iodide must be oxidized (have electrons removed) to change the iodide to a form of iodine (e.g., I+ or OI-) capable of attaching to the tyrosine. Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) is important for this chemical transformation.
Second, the transformed iodide must react with the tyrosine that is an integral part of the giant thyroglobulin molecule. Binding with one of the transformed iodide atom yields monoiodotyrosine (T1); binding with two atoms produces diiodotyrosine(T2). Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction.
Third, the molecules must be combined to create the hormones. Two T2 molecules join to form T4, or one T1 and one T2 join to from T3. The thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) are both important in this process.
Fourth, the thyroid hormones are stored with the thyroglobulin until they are needed.
Finally, the hormones are separated from the thyroglobulin and secreted into the blood stream, where 99+% combine with transport proteins. (See Diagram.)
|
|
Home | Orthoiodosupplementation | Body | Disease | Special Topics | OverviewsThe Iodine Group | Books | Disclaimers | Contact Us | Search
|
||
