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Iodine and the Body

Iodine and Skin

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Iodine Absorption

Atemnkeng

Comparison of free iodine as a function of the dilution of two commercial povidone-iodine formulations.

Atemnkeng MA, Plaizier-Vercammen JA.

J Pharm Belg. 2006;61(1):11-3.

[abstract only]

"Binding studies by means of equilibrium dialysis on two different Povidone-lodine-solutions reveal that the amount of available iodine and free iodine is very different as such and after dilution. The free iodine concentration in the Braunol concentrate was found to be ca. 22 mg/L and in the iso-Betadine concentrate only ca. 2.1 mg/L, despite the total amount of available iodine in iso-Betadine being higher than that of Braunol. As the bactericidal level of free iodine is characterised by concentrations >5 ppm, Braunol can be employed as a disinfectant as such, iso-Betadine has to be diluted before use. In both concentrates more than 99% of available iodine is present as reservoir for free iodine. Concerning the results as a function of dilution, it was demonstrated that, for both solutions, free iodine reaches a maximum after a 50-fold dilution (ca. 31 mg/L and ca. 51 mg/L for iso-Betadine and Braunol respectively). After dilution, a more constant level of free iodine was observed in the Braunol than in the iso-Betadine solution, and this is attributed to the present molar ratio of I(2)/I- and the addition of iodate in the former. The pH for both solutions approximates that of the skin, as such and after dilution. In summary, it can be stated that Braunol is superior to iso-Betadine as to the release of free iodine in both the undiluted as well as in the diluted form."

Comparison of free and bound iodine and iodide species as a function of the dilution of three commercial povidone-iodine formulations and their microbicidal activity.

Atemnkeng MA, Plaizier-Vercammen J, Schuermans A.

Int J Pharm. 2006 Jul 24;317(2):161-6. Epub 2006 Mar 22.

[abstract only]

"Equilibrium dialysis on povidone-iodine-solutions (Braunol, standardized Betadine and non-standardized iso-Betadine reveal that the amount of available iodine, free iodine, iodide and triiodide varies significantly both in the undiluted and diluted forms. These differences are reflected in the different bactericidal activity against Staphyloccus aureus as determined by the standard quantitative in vitro suspension test. The amount of available iodine is not an appropriate measure for an assessment of the microbicidal activity. For this, the free iodine has to be determined by means of equilibrium dialysis. The free iodine concentration in the Braunol concentrate was found to be 22 mg/L, in the standardized Betadine 9.7 mg/L and in the non-standardized Betadine concentrate only 2.1mg/L. Because of the atypical behaviour of iodophores and the increase of free iodine at dilution and because of a bactericidal level of free iodine of 5mg/L, Braunol and standardized Betadine can be employed as disinfectant as such, iso-Betadine has to be diluted before use. Summarizing all results, it can be stated that Braunol is superior to standardized Betadine and unstandardized iso-Betadine both as to the release of free iodine in the undiluted and in the diluted forms as in the killing rate of S. aureus."

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