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Iodine and the Body

 

Pregnancy

 

Koutras

 

Circulating iodide concentrations during and after pregnancy.

Koutras DA.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Mar;85(3):1345.

 

"Liberman et al. (1) report in the October issue that “Pregnancy, at least in iodine-sufficient regions, does not have an important influence on circulating concentrations of iodide.” This statement has far reaching implications on what is known and accepted about iodine metabolism, and so the authors would like perhaps to clarify some points."

 

 

Thyroidopathies.

Koutras DA.

Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;900:77-88. Review.

[abstract only]

 

"Pregnancy affects thyroid physiology in many ways: (a) The renal iodide clearance rate is increased, hence iodine requirements increase. (b) The fetal requirements for thyroid hormones and iodide are an additional problem. (c) Serum thyroxine-binding globulin increases, thus producing an increase in the levels of total T4 and T3. (d) Chorionic gonadotropin has a thyroid-stimulating activity. This may be compensated for by a decrease in TSH, but in some cases gestational thyrotoxicosis occurs. (e) Thyroid autoimmunity usually subsides during pregnancy, but may rebound a few months after parturition, and postpartum thyroiditis may occur. Because maternal antithyroid autoantibodies cross the placenta readily, fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism (or hypothyroidism) may develop. Pre-existing thyroid diseases are influenced. Nontoxic goiter increases in size. Iodine and/or thyroxine may be required. Graves' disease may remit. If present, antithyroid drugs should be given in small doses, and quite often they may be stopped altogether. Hypothyroid patients may require a larger T4 dose."
 
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