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MANDEL
Radioactive Iodine and the Salivary GlandsMandel SJ, Mandel L Thyroid 13(3):265-271, 2003. [abstract only]
"The salivary glands also have the capacity to concentrate iodide selectively for unknown reasons (Fig. 1). The iodide is then secreted into saliva such that its salivary concentration has been reported to vary from 20 to 100 times that found in the serum. It is this critical ability that causes glandular damage when 131I is used. The principal site of the iodide transport into saliva is the epithelium of the parotid salivary gland's intralobular ducts. Iodide is extracted from periductal capillaries and concentrated by the ductal epithelium, whereupon it is secreted into the duct lumen and transported into the oral cavity. It has been calculated that up to 24% of the administered 131I dose for thyroid cancer therapy is lost in the saliva. In the process of concentrating the radioactive iodine, the salivary glands are exposed to the damaging effects of irradiation. Although all salivary glands are involved in the transport of the radioactive iodine into the saliva, the parotid gland is most active and its serous cells are more susceptible than mucous acini to the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation."
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