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[Effects of taurine on brain development and learning ability in filial mice fed with high iodine]Xu L, Yin G, Zhu H. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2001 Mar;35(2):114-6. Chinese. [abstract only]
"OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of taurine on brain development and learning ability in filial mice fed with high iodine.
METHODS: Mice were divided into three groups, the first one fed with adequate dose of iodine, the second with high-dose iodine, and the third with high-dose iodine plus 0.6% taurine. All the male and female mice were mated three months after treatment. Relevant biochemical indicators in the brain tissues and their memory and learning ability were measured for their offsprings with 30 days old in the three groups.
RESULTS: Brain contents of protein and DNA reduced in the high-dose iodine group, and there was no significant difference in them between groups with taurine and adequate-dose iodine 30 days after their birth. Activity of acetylcholine esterase (ACHE) increased and content of acetylcholine decreased in the hippocampus of filial mice at age of 30 days with high-dose iodine. Content of acetylcholine increased in the filial mice with high-dose iodine plus taurine than that with adequate-dose iodine, but there was no statistically significant difference in ACHE between them.
CONCLUSION: Taurine could antagonize disturbance of brain development in filial mice caused by high-dose iodine."
[Effects of excessive iodine on apoptosis and expression of bcl-2, bax genes in the cells of brain and thyroid gland in guinea pigs]Yang C, Yin G, Cui L, Zhu H, Zuo L. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2000 Mar;34(2):95-7. Chinese. [abstract only]
"OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of excessive iodine intake on apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2, bax genes in the cells of brain and thyroid gland.
METHODS: Guinea pigs, divided into two groups at random, were fed with distilled water containing iodine 50 microg/L (a control group with appropriate iodine) and 10,000 microg/L (a trial group with excessive iodine), respectively for six months. Apoptosis rate and expression of bcl-2, bax gene in the cells of cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thyroid gland in guinea pigs were quantitatively determined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescent techniques.
RESULTS: The proportion of apoptosis in the cells of cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thyroid gland was significantly higher in the group with excessive iodine intake than that in the control one (P < 0.01). The level of expression of bcl-2 gene was notably decreased (P < 0.05), but that of bax was notably increased (P < 0.01), in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thyroid gland in the group with excessive iodine than in the control one. The ratio of bcl-2 to bax in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thyroid gland of the group with excessive iodine was decreased significantly (P < 0.01) than that of the control one.
CONCLUSION: Excessive iodine intake may induce apoptosis in the cells of cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thyroid gland. The over-expression of bax gene and the down-regulation of bcl-2, which can then cause the decrease in a ratio of bcl-2 to bax, appear to play an important role in the course of apoptosis induced by excessive iodine intake."
[Effects of excessive iodine on activity of enolase in hippocampus of developing mice]Sun S, Yin G, Feng Z, Zhao J, Zhu H. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2000 Jan;34(1):39-40. Chinese. [abstract only]
"OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of excessive intake of iodine for a long term on activity of enolase in hippocampal tissues of young mice.
METHODS: A hyperiodine goiter animal model was replicated with drinking water with high level of iodine. Activity of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in hippocampal tissues was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for young offspring of the first and the second generations of mice with hyperiodine goiter on the 7th, 14th and 21st day of age, respectively.
RESULTS: Activity of enolase in young offspring of the first and second generation of mice with hyperiodine goiter was all lower than that in controls from the day of their birth to the 30th day after birth, and that at hippocampal tissues in young mice of the second generation was significantly lower than that of the first generation on the 14th day of age.
CONCLUSION: Hyperiodine can decrease activity of NSE in the brain of mice. It suggests that hyperiodine can affect NSE, and thus interfere energy supply in the brain, resulting in disturbance of neuron development and brain function."
[Effects of high-dose iodine on brain development in mice]Gao B, Yin G. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1997 May;31(3):134-6. Chinese. [abstract only]
"It is an important topic in medicine and genetics, which has not yet been studied in depth, that whether high-dose iodine, especially iodine excess in mother's body, can cause impediment of brain development in babies as iodine deficiency do. An animal model of goiter was reconstructed in mice with feeding them water containing high level of iodine for three months. Weight of brain, protein and nucleic acid concentrations were measured in one-, seven-, 14-, 21- and 30-day old young mice, and morphological changes in the brain and their abilities of learning and memory were observed in 30-day old young mice, born to mothers with high-iodine goiter. Results indicated that weight of brain, protein content, ratio of protein to DNA, RNA content, and ratio of RNA to DNA all decreased significantly, and DNA content increased in the brain of high-iodine mice, as compared with those in normal iodine mice. Abilities of learning and memory in 30-day old mice decreased. And, those changes began from the seventh to 14th days after their birth. It suggests that excessive intake of iodine, as iodine deficiency, can not only cause high-iodine goiter, but also damage nervous system leading to retardation of brain development and impediment of its function."
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