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The Iodine Group | |
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Sethi
Iodine Deficiency and Development of Brain.Sethi V, Kapil U. Indian J Pediatr 2004;71:325-329 Abstract
"Iodine is a trace element essential for the synthesis of triodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Inadequate intake of iodine leads to insufficient production of these hormones, which play a vital role in the process of early growth and development of most organs, especially the brain. The neurological sequele of iodine deficiency are mediated by thyroid hormone deficiency, varying from minimal brain function to a syndrome of severe intellectual disability. All the basic processes of neurogenesis: cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, and selective cell death are impaired during period of brain growth spurt. Evidence suggests alterations in synaptology, neurons, myelin sheaths, glial cells, and morphology of cerebrum and cerebellum in severe iodine deficiency. Foetal thyroid ontogenesis occurs after the first trimester. Until then foetus is dependent on maternal T4. A thyroid dependent event important for subsequent brain development occurs in the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy."
Elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in Delhi.Kapil U, Sethi V, Goindi G, Pathak P, Singh P. Indian J Pediatr. 2004 Mar;71(3):211-2. Abstract
"OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted in year 2002 in NCT of Delhi with the objective to re-assess the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders.
METHODS: A total of 7009 children in the age group of 6-11 years were clinically examined for presence of goiter. A total of 991 salt samples were also collected randomly. On the spot casual urine samples were collected from 1395 children.
RESULTS: The total goiter prevalence was found to be 6.2%. The percentage of children with urinary iodine excretion (UIE) of < 20.0, 20.0- < 50.0, 50.0-99.9 and 100.0 microg/l and above was 0.8, 1.8, 8.7 and 88.7%, respectively. The median UIE level was 200 microg/L. The assessment of iodine content of salt revealed that only 16% of the families were consuming salt with iodine content less than 5 ppm.
CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study indicated that the population is in a transition phase from iodine deficient (as revealed by Total Goiter Prevalence) to iodine sufficient nutriture (as revealed by median UIE 200 microg/l). A significant progress has been achieved towards elimination of IDD from NCT of Delhi."
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