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Abraham
The historical background of the iodine project.Abraham GE The Original Internist, 12(2):57-66, 2005
"In order to assess the presence of iodine and iodate (the oxidized forms) in serum following orthoiodosupplementation, serum iodide levels (the reduced form) were measured by ion-selective electrode before and after reduction with sodium metabisulfate. The 3 inorganic forms of the element iodine consumed by human subjects are: the negatively charged reduced iodide; the negatively charged highly oxidized iodate IO-3; and the neutral oxidized iodine I2. The iodide selective electrode is influenced only by negatively charged forms of this element that is, iodide I- and iodate IO-3. Experiments performed by the author with sodium iodate revealed that the iodate molecule, because of its larger size than iodide, did not have any appreciable effect on the electromotive force (EMF) of the electrode, even at concentrations 10,000 times higher than the amount of iodide influencing significantly the EMF of the selective electrode.
"Pilot studies were performed in order to quantify the amount of the reductant needed for the reduction of iodine and iodate to iodide. Almost 10 times more reductant was required for the reduction of iodate to iodide than iodine to iodide. The reduction of iodate resulted in the formation of iodine first, then iodide. When this procedure was applied to urine samples, no significant difference was observed between pre- and post-reduction levels, suggesting that only iodide, the reduced form, was present in urine. However, serial serum samples obtained for 24 hours following the loading test, showed a significant difference in the serum iodide levels between pre- and post-reduced samples within the first 2 hours in a female subject, with post reduction levels 5-10% higher. This suggests the presence of serum iodine early after ingestion of the Lugol tablets. Iodine obviously is not completely reduced to iodide in the intestinal tract during absorption as mentioned in medical textbooks. "
"Serum inorganic iodide levels are a good index of the bioavailability of ingested iodine/iodide. Serum inorganic iodide is cleared rapidly by the kidneys with a daily clearance rate of 43.5. At steady state condition, the serum iodide levels expected for patients receiving 50 mg iodine/day should be approximately: serum iodide (mg/L) = daily intake (mg) / 43.5 Liter = 50 mg / 43.5 = 1.15 mg/L. If patients continue to excrete low levels of iodide after orthoiodosupplementation for 3 months, serum inorganic iodide levels are indicated to assess whether this is due to decreased absorption or increased demand. Malabsorption of iodine/iodide would result in very low serum inorganic iodide levels (10-8M) in the presence of low urinary excretion. We have not observed a case of malabsorption of iodine yet, when iodine supplementation was in the range of 12.5 to 50 mg/day."
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